Viscosupplementation

What Is Viscosupplementation?

Viscosupplementation is a treatment option for osteoarthritis (OA), most commonly used in the knee, and occasionally in other joints such as the hip or shoulder. It involves injecting a gel-like substance called hyaluronic acid (HA) directly into the affected joint. HA is a naturally occurring component of healthy joint fluid that cushions and lubricates the joint.

How Does It Work?

In osteoarthritis, joint fluid becomes thinner and less effective, and the cartilage lining the joint breaks down over time. Viscosupplementation helps by:

  • Restoring lubrication to reduce friction

  • Cushioning the joint to reduce pain during movement

  • Slowing inflammation and cartilage breakdown

  • Reintroducing reparative enzymes and regulating joint homeostasis—newer research shows that some viscosupplementation products may also help restore the balance of enzymes and proteins in the joint that protect cartilage and reduce inflammation.

This can lead to improved joint function, delayed progression of OA, and potentially better cartilage preservation over time.

What to Expect During the Procedure

  • The injection is performed in the clinic.

  • A small needle is inserted into the joint space (under ultrasound guidance if needed).

  • In some cases, excess fluid is first removed.

  • The procedure typically takes 5–10 minutes and is done without sedation.

You may be advised to rest the joint and avoid intense activity for 24–48 hours after the injection.

When Will I Feel Better?

  • Some people feel improvement within a few days.

  • Most patients notice relief between 2 to 4 weeks after treatment.

  • The benefits may last 4 to 6 months, and some patients receive injections 1–2 times per year.

How Many Injections Will I Need?

  • Some formulations require only one injection.

  • Others involve a series of 3–5 injections given weekly.

  • Your doctor will select the best product and schedule for your needs.

Are There Any Side Effects?

Viscosupplementation is generally very safe. Side effects may include:

  • Mild joint swelling or soreness after injection

  • Temporary joint stiffness

  • Rarely, joint inflammation or allergic reaction

  • Very rarely, joint infection

Contact your provider if you experience:

  • Severe or worsening joint pain

  • Redness, warmth, or swelling

  • Fever or chills

Who Should Consider This Treatment?

You may benefit from viscosupplementation if you:

  • Have mild to moderate osteoarthritis

  • Have not had success with oral pain relievers, topical treatments, or physical therapy

  • Want to delay or avoid joint replacement surgery

This treatment is not suitable for:

  • People with a joint infection or skin infection near the injection site

  • Those with allergies to hyaluronic acid or avian proteins (for some products)

Supporting Your Joint Health

  • Continue low-impact activities like walking, swimming, or cycling

  • Maintain a healthy body weight to reduce joint stress

  • Follow a balanced diet rich in calcium, vitamin D, and anti-inflammatory nutrients

  • Engage in physical therapy or strengthening exercises as advised